N. Mediterranean
"As early as the third century B.C., Theophrastis (370-285 B.C.) recognized several striking variations within what is here called Pinus nigra... In the United States, European black pine is associated with numerous species consequent to its use in landscape and environmental plantings. Its apparent tendency to escape, possibly to naturalize, and to hybridize with certain other pines may, in time, result in some natural species associations in this country." [1]
"European black pine (Pinus nigra), also called Austrian pine, was one of the early tree introductions into the United States, first reported in cultivation in 1759. Black pine was one of the first conifers tested for adaptability in the Sandhills of Nebraska in the 1891 Bruner plantation, Holt County, and in 1909 on the Nebraska National Forest. It was also planted by homesteaders on the Great Plains in the early 1900's to provide beauty and protection from wind and snow on the treeless prairies." [1]
"European black pine is a widespread and important timber-producing tree of central and southern Europe, especially Corsica... Elsewhere, black pine has been grown more for estate and landscape uses than as a timber crop, although in England during World War II it proved serviceable for box boards and pit props... This frost-hardy, windfirm, and light-demanding species has been widely used for nearly 100 years in windbreaks and roadside plantings throughout the eastern Great Plains of the United States, where its dense foliage and stiff branches withstand wind, ice, and heavy snow... European black pine is grown for Christmas trees in the North Central and Northeastern States where it is not subject to heavy damage from the European shoot moth and tip moth, but where it is severely damaged by Dothistroma, Lophodermium, and Diplodia needle and tip blights... It is being increasingly used in urban and industrial environmental improvement plantings because of its rapid growth and protoplasmic insensitivity to salt spray and to industrial dust, dry soil, and smoke containing sulfur dioxide." [1]
Sources
[1] Van Haverbeke, D. F. (1990). Pinus nigra Arnold - European Black Pine. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_1/pinus/nigra.htm
